Aristotle's Solution


In The Physics Aristotle proposed an answer to Zeno by saying that Space is not an actual infinity, as suggested by The Stadium paradox. Aristotle suggests that space is a potential infinity only. For example, a line does not consist of an actual infinity of points, because it is a continuum, with only the potential for infinite division - a potential which can never be fully realised. The same argument can be applied to Time, which can also be regarded as a potential infinity only. Though Time can be added to without limit, it cannot exist as an infinite because no two "Nows" can exist simultaneously. In other words, time is a continuum with a determined order. In neither case can a real infinity be made actual. The infinity in question always remains potential, but can never come into existence.

Although this is an impressive attempt to subvert Zeno's logic, I would point out that "Potential" is in the eye of the beholder. What I mean is, "Potential" is not an actual property of the object, it is a mental abstraction, derived through inductive logic. We only know of an object's potential byway of our experiences of bygone objects. It is precisely this sort of argument, using a logical fiction, that leads us to confuse the ontological status of contingent, mental conceptions based upon induction. All the same, it is an arresting argument, appearing to prove that the very definition of "Infinite" makes its existence impossible. Zeno might ask, though, how something can have the potential to be something it can never possibly be.


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