Definitions

Mill, John Stuart (1806 - 73): English empiricist philosopher and social reformer.

On Liberty (1859) related three fundamental freedoms of the individual (those of belief, of tastes and pursuits, and of uniting with others) to the powers of authority and social demands. Men must be encouraged to express their individuality. Actions, however, have consequences and it is the duty of rulers and society to restrain men from damaging others' interests and to require them to assume responsibility in furthering the interests of their community. Nevertheless, Mill argued that restrictions on the liberty of the individual are justifiable only in so far as they are necessary to prevent actual harm to others, and was especially concerned to advocate the most unrestricted freedom of speech and publication.

A Dictionary Of Philosophy. Second edition. (Pan Books 1984). PP 231-232.

Self-regarding. A term applied by J. S. Mill to actions that affect only the agent, to be contrasted with not self-regarding (or other-regarding) actions. In On Liberty Mill held that the only sphere in which outside coercion or interference with the individual (by the law, government etc.) was permissible was with respect to other-regarding actions, that is, in order to prevent an individual from harming others. An individual should never be constrained with respect to self-regarding actions.

Ibid. P 323.


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